ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the influence of atmospheric pressure changes on the behavior of intraocular pressure of healthy military individuals-students and instructors of the National Navy's Diving & Rescue School at the "ARC BOLÍVAR" naval base-during a simulated immersion in the hyperbaric chamber of the Naval Hospital of Cartagena. Methods: A descriptive exploratory study was performed. The intraocular pressure was measured at different atmospheric pressures during 60-min sessions in the hyperbaric chamber while breathing compressed air. The maximum simulated depth was 60 feet. Participants were students and instructors of the Naval Base's Diving and Rescue Department. Results: A total of 48 eyes from 24 divers were studied, of which 22 (91.7%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 30.6 (SD=5.5) years, ranging from 23 to 40. No participant had a history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension. The mean base intraocular pressure at sea level was 14 mmHg, which decreased to 13.1 mmHg (decreased by 1.2 mmHg) at 60 feet deep (p=0.0012). However, during the safety stop at 30 feet, the mean IOP kept decreasing until reaching 11.9 mmHg (p<0.001). By the end of the session, the mean intraocular pressure reached 13.1 mmHg, which is inferior and statistically significant when compared with the intraocular pressure base mean (p=0.012). Conclusions: In healthy individuals, the intraocular pressure decreases when reaching a depth of 60 feet (2.8 absolute atmosphere pressure) and it decreases even more during ascension at 30 feet. Measurements at both points were significantly different when compared with base intraocular pressure. The final intraocular pressure was lower than the baseline intraocular pressure, suggesting a residual and prolonged effect of the atmospheric pressure on intraocular pressure.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência das alterações da pressão atmosférica no comportamento da pressão intraocular de indivíduos militares saudáveis-alunos e instrutores da Escola de Mergulho e Resgate da Marinha Nacional na base naval "ARC BOLÍVAR"-durante uma imersão simulada na câmara hiperbárica do Hospital da Marinha de Cartagena. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo exploratório descritivo. A pressão intraocular foi medida em diferentes pressões atmosféricas durante sessões de 60 minutos na câmara hiperbárica respirando ar comprimido. A profundidade máxima simulada foi de 60 pés. Os participantes eram alunos e instrutores do Departamento de Mergulho e Resgate da Base Naval. Resultados: Quarenta e oito olhos de 24 mergulhadores foram estudados. Vinte e dois participantes (91,7%) eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 30,6 (DP=5,5) anos, variando de 23 a 40. Nenhum participante tinha histórico de glaucoma ou hipertensão ocular. A média de base da pressão intraocular ao nível do mar foi de 14 mmHg, diminuindo para 13,1 mmHg (queda de 1,2 mmHg) a 60 pés de profundidade (p=0,0012). Entretanto, durante a parada de segurança a 30 pés, a pressão intraocular média continuou diminuindo até atingir 11,9 mmHg (p<0,001). Ao final da sessão, a pressão intraocular média atingiu 13,1 mmHg, valor inferior e estatisticamente significativo quando comparada à média de base da pressão intraocular (p=0,012). Conclusões: Em indivíduos saudáveis, a pressão intraocular diminui ao atingir uma profundidade de 60 pés (2,8 de pressão atmosférica absoluta) e diminui ainda mais durante a ascensão a 30 pés. As medidas em ambos os pontos foram significativamente diferentes quando comparadas à pressão intraocular de base. A pressão intraocular final foi menor do que a pressão intraocular de base, sugerindo um efeito residual e prolongado da pressão atmosférica sobre a pressão intraocular.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Our study’s goal was to investigate the individuals who took a pre?military examination and were pronounced “unfit for military service,” in terms of etiological grouping, legal blindness, and whether or not the illness could have been prevented. Methods: The files of 174 individuals deemed “unfit for military service” due to eye disease at the State Hospital Ophthalmology Department between January 2018 and January 2022 were retrospectively evaluated. The disorders were classified as refractive error, strabismus, amblyopia?related, congenital, hereditary, infectious/inflammatory, degenerative, and trauma?related pathologies. The reasons for unsuitability for military service were classified according to monocular and binocular legal blindness, preventability, and treatability with early diagnosis. Results: In our study, the reasons associated with refractive error, strabismus, and amblyopia were placed first in the etiology of unsuitability for military service (40.2%). The next most prevalent condition was trauma (19.5%), which was followed by degenerative (18.4%), congenital (10.9%), hereditary (6.9%), and infectious/inflammatory disorders (4.0%). There was a history of penetrating trauma in 79.4% of trauma patients and blunt trauma in 20.6% of patients. When the etiology was evaluated, 19.5% were in preventable and 51.2% were in treatable group with early diagnosis. In our study, legal blindness was detected in 116 patients. Of these patients, 79% had monocular legal blindness and 21% had binocular legal blindness. Conclusion: It is vital to investigate the etiology of visual disorders, control preventable causes, and determine the methods that will provide early diagnosis and treatment of curable causes.
ABSTRACT
Introducción: Para policías y militares, el acceso a información idónea y veraz siempre ha sido importante; durante la pandemia la necesidad fue aún mayor debido a las labores que les fueron asignadas, como parte de la primera línea frente a la pandemia por la COVID-19. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al miedo por la información recibida durante la pandemia en policías y militares peruanos. Métodos: Estudio transversal con técnicas analíticas, se encuestó a 1 017 policías y militares peruanos durante la pandemia, para ello se usó un test validado para medir la percepción de miedo o preocupación que transmitían los medios de comunicación, se informaron las frecuencias y resultados analíticos. Resultados: Los encuestados percibieron mucho miedo a las redes sociales (22 % muy de acuerdo y 36 % de acuerdo) y la televisión (20 % muy de acuerdo y 32 % de acuerdo). En el modelo multivariado, los militares percibían menos miedo en comparación de los policías (RPa: 0,65; IC95 %: 0,49-0,88; valor p= 0,004), además, internet fue el medio que generó una mayor frecuencia de percepción de miedo entre los encuestados (RPa: 1,65; IC95 %: 1,04-2,61; valor p= 0,032), ajustado por 3 variables. Conclusión: La televisión y las redes sociales son los principales medios que generaron miedo entre los policías y militares; además, el estar asustado estuvo más asociado a informarse por internet.
Introduction: For police and military, access to suitable and truthful information has always been important, during the pandemic the need was even greater due to the tasks assigned to them as part of the front line against the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To determine the factors associated with fear of pandemic information received by Peruvian police and military personnel. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical procedures, 1 017 Peruvian police and military were surveyed, through surveys conducted during the pandemic, a validated test was used to measure the perception of fear or concern transmitted by the media, the frequencies and analytical results were reported. Results: The respondents perceived a lot of fear of social networks (22% strongly agree and 36% agree) and television (20% strongly agree and 32% agree). In the multivariate model, the military perceived less fear compared to the police (aPR: 0.65; CI95%: 0.49-0.88; value p= 0.004), in addition, the Internet was the medium that generated a greater frequency of perception of fear among the respondents (aPR: 1.65; CI95%: 1.04-2.61; value p= 0.032), adjusted for 3 variables. Conclusion: Television and social networks are the main media that generate fear among police and military; in addition, being scared was more associated with being informed through the Internet.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the educational program based on self-regulation of learning in the level of knowledge about COVID-19 in the soldiers. Methods: Pre-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a single group, carried out in 2020. 179 soldiers from Puno, Peru participated. Two expository-participatory sessions and a demonstrative workshop were developed. A valid (Aiken's V = 0.69) and reliable (McDonald's Omega = 0.81) questionnaire was used. The Friedman's test was used to compare the results pre and post-test. Results: The level of knowledge about COVID-19 and in two of its dimensions changed from poor (pre-test) to regular (post-test). However, in the preventive measures dimension, it changed from poor (pre-test) to excellent (post-test). Conclusion: The proposed educational intervention was effective in increasing knowledge about COVID-19 in the soldiers, mainly in terms of preventive measures.
RESUMO Objetivo: determinar a efetividade do programa educacional baseado na autorregulação da aprendizagem a respeito do nível de conhecimento da COVID-19 em militares. Métodos: estudo pré-experimental de desenho pré-teste e pós-teste com um grupo só, realizado em 2020. Participaram 179 militares de Puno, Peru. Duas sessões expositivo-participativas e uma oficina demonstrativa foram desenvolvidas. Foi utilizado um questionário válido (V de Aiken = 0,69) e fiável (Ômega de McDonald = 0,81). O teste de Friedman foi empregado para comparar os resultados em pré e pós-teste. Resultados: o nível de conhecimento sobre a COVID-19 em duas das dimensões mudou de deficiente (pré-teste) para regular (pós-teste). Contudo, na dimensão de medidas preventivas, passou de deficiente (pré-teste) para excelente (pós-teste). Conclusão: a intervenção educacional proposta foi eficaz no aumento do conhecimento da COVID-19 entre os militares, principalmente em termos de medidas preventivas.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del Programa educativo basado en autorregulación del aprendizaje en el nivel de conocimiento sobre COVID-19 en militares. Métodos: Estudio preexperimental de diseño pretest y postest con un solo grupo, realizado en 2020. Participaron 179 militares de Puno, Perú. Se desarrollaron dos sesiones expositivo-participativas y un taller demostrativo. Se empleó un cuestionario válido (V de Aiken = 0,69) y confiable (Omega de McDonald = 0,81). Se utilizó el test de Friedman para comparar los resultados en pre y postest. Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos sobre COVID-19 y en dos de sus dimensiones cambió de deficiente (pretest) a regular (postest). Sin embargo, en la dimensión medidas preventivas, cambió de deficiente (pretest) a excelente (postest). Conclusión: La intervención educativa propuesta fue efectiva al incrementar los conocimientos sobre COVID-19 en militares, principalmente en cuanto a medidas preventivas.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the pattern of use of alcohol and other drugs and its related sociodemographic variables in a sample of Brazilian Army soldiers. Materials and method: Cross-sectional study conducted with 229 soldiers from an infantry battalion at the Brazilian Army. Data were collected in 2019 with the application of a sociodemographic and employment instrument, the Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), and the Pearson correlation test. Results: The prevalence of alcohol use was present in more than half of the studied sample, followed by tobacco and cannabis sativa. Regarding the pattern of use, alcohol (22.2%), tobacco (31%), and cannabis sativa (9.7%) reported significant results. The sociodemographic variables of the individuals in the sample, their educational level (years of schooling), and economic-related issues were the main variables associated to alcohol and drug use. Conclusions: The consumption of alcohol and other drugs by the military is lower than that identified for the general population in the Brazilian territory. The use of psychoactive substances in the military context is often part of an attempt to deal with stress. Therefore, it is necessary to implement strategies aimed at preventing alcohol and drug use and promoting mental health among this population.
Objetivo: identificar el patrón de consumo de alcohol y otras drogas, y sus variables sociodemográficas relacionadas, dentro de una muestra de soldados del Ejército Brasileño. Materiales y método: estudio transversal realizado con 229 soldados de un batallón de infantería. Los datos fueron recolectados en 2019 mediante la aplicación de un instrumento sociodemográfico y laboral, el Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) y el test de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol estuvo presente en más de la mitad de la muestra estudiada, seguido del consumo de tabaco y de cannabis sativa. En cuanto al patrón de consumo, destacan el alcohol (22,2%), el tabaco (31%) y el cannabis sativa (9,7%). Las variables sociodemográficas de los individuos de la muestra, su nivel de educación (años de estudio) y determinados aspectos económicos fueron las principales variables asociadas al uso de alcohol y otras drogas. Conclusiones: el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas por parte de militares es menor que el reportado para la población general en Brasil. El uso de sustancias psicoactivas en el contexto de la milicia es generalmente un mecanismo para lidiar con el estrés. Por lo tanto, es necesario implementar estrategias para prevenir el uso de alcohol y otras drogas, así como promover la salud mental en esta población.
Objetivo: identificar o padrão de consumo de álcool e outras drogas e as variáveis sociodemográficas relacionadas em uma amostra de militares do Exército brasileiro. Materiais e método: estudo transversal realizado com 229 militares de um batalhão de infantaria. Os dados foram coletados em 2019 com a aplicação de um instrumento sociodemográfico e laboral, o Alcohol Smoking and Substance Involment Screening Test (ASSIST) e o teste de correlação de Pearson. Resultado: a prevalência do uso de álcool mostrou-se presente em mais da metade da amostra estudada, seguido do tabaco e do uso de cannabis sativa. Com relação ao padrão do uso, foi significativo para as substâncias álcool (22,2%), tabaco (31%) e cannabis sativa (9,7%). As variáveis sociodemográficas, o nível educacional (anos de estudos) e as questões econômicas foram as que apresentaram maior relação com o uso de álcool e outras drogas. Conclusões: o consumo de álcool e outras drogas por militares é menor do que o encontrado na população geral em território brasileiro. O uso de substâncias psicoativas no contexto militar, por vezes, faz parte da tentativa de lidar com o estresse vivenciado. Assim, faz-se implementar estratégias de prevenção do uso de álcool e outras drogas, bem como promover a saúde mental dessa população.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking , Mental Health , Substance-Related Disorders , Drug Users , Military PersonnelABSTRACT
Resumen. Las heridas por artefactos explosivos y las secuelas causadas por estos se han convertido en el foco de diversos estudios en el ámbito médico y psicológico, aunque en el entorno neuropsicológico son pocos los hallazgos encontrados, debido a esto la presente investigación surge con el fin de describir el perfil neuropsicológico de un grupo de militares colombianos heridos por artefactos explosivos. Participaron 60 militares colombianos heridos y se les realizó un análisis descriptivo de las funciones neuropsicológicas a partir de la batería Neuropsi Atención y Memoria. Los participantes presentaron un déficit de leve a moderado en la curva de memoria de codificación y evocación; memoria verbal espontánea, memoria por claves y en memoria lógica, igualmente, en procesos ejecutivos de organización de la conducta, capacidad de planeación e inhibición de conductas. De igual forma, se encontró una alteración de moderada a severa en atención sostenida, planificación y codificación visual. Los resultados son discutidos con la literatura existente.
Abstract. Injuries from explosive devices and the sequelae caused by them have become the focus of various studies in the medical and psychological fields, although in the neuropsychological environment there are few findings, due to this the present investigation arises in order to describe the neuropsychological profile of a group of Colombian soldiers injured by explosive devices. Sixty wounded Colombian soldiers participated and a descriptive analysis of the neuropsychological functions was carried out from the Neuropsi Attention and Memory battery. The participants had a mild to moderate deficit in the coding and recall memory curve; Spontaneous verbal memory, memory by keys and in logical memory, likewise, in executive processes of behavior organization, planning capacity and behavior inhibition. Similarly, a moderate to severe alteration was found in sustained attention, planning and visual coding. The results are discussed with the existing literature.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: The metabolic syndrome is a condition that predisposes to the development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, where the presence of altered blood pressure, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity is evaluated in order to know the risk of developing this disease. Objective: To evaluate the anthropometric indices that predict the presence of developing metabolic syndrome in Ecuadorian military personnel. Methods: The research work is quantitative, observational and longitudinal with a correlational scope, it was made analyzing the annual medical records of preventive medicine, in the military personnel of the Army Soldiers Training School "Vencedores del Cenepa", during a 3-year cohort from 2019 to 2021. Results: The study shows an overweight military population, with a prevalence of metabolic syndrome: according to Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes criteria of 1 %, 1.66 % and 0.76 %, in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively; in contrast, according to Adult Treatment Panel III criteria, with a prevalence of 6.67 %, 6.31 % and 5.70 % in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021 respectively. Conclusions: The anthropometric indices, such as the waist-height index, abdominal perimeter and body mass index significantly predict the development of metabolic syndrome in the military personnel of the "Vencedores del Cenepa" Army Soldier Training School.
RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome metabólico predispone al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas; en este se evalúa la presencia de presión arterial alterada, resistencia a la insulina, hiperglucemia, dislipidemia y obesidad abdominal, para conocer el riesgo de desarrollar esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Evaluar los índices antropométricos que predicen la presencia de síndrome metabólico en desarrollo, en militares ecuatorianos. Métodos: El trabajo de investigación es cuantitativo, observacional y longitudinal con alcance correlacional, se realizó analizando las historias clínicas anuales de medicina preventiva, en el personal militar de la Escuela de Formación de Soldados del Ejército "Vencedores del Cenepa", en una cohorte de 3 años, de 2019 a 2021. Resultados: El estudio muestra una población militar con sobrepeso, con la siguiente prevalencia de síndrome metabólico: según criterios de la Asociación Lationoamericana de Diabetes, de 1 %, 1,66 % y 0,76 %, en los años 2019, 2020 y 2021 respectivamente; en cambio, según criterios del Adult Treatment Panel III, 6,67 %, 6,31 % y 5,70 % en los años 2019, 2020 y 2021 respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los índices antropométricos, como el cintura-altura, perímetro abdominal e índice de masa corporal predicen significativamente el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico en el personal militar de la Escuela de Formación de Soldados del Ejército "Vencedores del Cenepa".
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Helicobacter pylori infection is prevalent and recognized as a major cause of gastrointestinal diseases in the world. Previous studies on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in military personnel have shown some conflicting results. This study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of H. pylori infection and evaluate its risk factors in military personnel. Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. We pooled the prevalence of H. pylori infection in military personnel using a random-effect model. Metaregression analysis was used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Pooled proportion of H. pylori infection with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: Sixteen studies were included. Meta-analysis showed that the overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 32% (95% CI = 31–33) in military personnel. There was a significant heterogeneity. Metaregression analysis showed that study region (P = 0.0004) and publication year (P = 0.023) were the potential sources of heterogeneity. In the subgroup analysis by study region, the highest prevalence was found in Asia (50.2%; 95% CI = 49–51.4). In the subgroup analysis by diagnostic methods for H. pylori, the highest prevalence was found when urea breath test was employed (47.9%; 95% CI = 46.5–49.3). The most common risk factor for H. pylori infection was familial aggregation, followed by living environment and age. Conclusion: H. pylori infection is common in military personnel. In future, we may require appropriate population screening for H. pylori infection by multiple diagnostic tests and increase the knowledge and awareness of the bacterial transmission among military personnel.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Background Physical Fitness Tests (PFTs) are part of military routines and are usually administered to applicants for the Brazilian corps member, including the civil police. Objective To identify in the literature, scientific articles aimed at assessing physical fitness of police and military personnel in Brazil, using PFTs. Methods This was a systematic review, using the PRISMA systematization, using the following search keywords "police", "military", "physical fitness test" and " PFT", in English and Portuguese. The databases used were ScienceDirect, PubMed, BVS (Lilacs) and Scielo. Only original works performed with police and military personnel in Brazil were selected, through the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results After the screening process, 11 articles were selected from a total of 1,487. Conclusions The data collected from the selected articles suggest that older age is related to a decrease in physical fitness, and better performance in the tests is related to a lower risk of comorbidities. Although high-intensity training improves physical fitness and anthropometric data, it is associated with injury rates; physically active lifestyle is associated with better flexibility.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Physical Fitness , Police , Exercise Test/methods , Military Personnel , Body Weights and Measures , Brazil , Exercise , Comorbidity , Risk Factors , Age Factors , Military Health , Life StyleABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o tema da identidade profissional da enfermagem militar contido nas produções científicas mundiais. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de publicações compreendidas entre 2010 e 2021 nas bases indexadoras Medical Literature and Retrivial System on Line, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Embase e Scopus. Aplicou-se a estratégia PICo para estabelecer a questão de pesquisa "Como a Enfermagem Militar vem sendo retratada nos artigos nacionais e internacionais publicados?" e o gerenciador de referências Rayyan QCRI - (Qatar Computing Research Institute) para a seleção das publicações, o que resultou em quatro artigos submetidos à análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin. Resultados: a enfermagem militar teve sua identidade profissional retratada pelos temas: competências na enfermagem militar, papéis das enfermeiras militares e relações de gênero. Conclusão: a identidade profissional da enfermagem militar ainda é pouco discutida na literatura, porém verifica-se um movimento para apontar o empoderamento dessas enfermeiras assim como a forte subordinação ao regime militar e ao profissional médico. Militares do gênero feminino sofrem de modo mais contundente, considerando que são minoria, sem possibilidades de ascender na carreira militar como aqueles do gênero masculino, e também devido ao tipo de organização da qual fazem parte.
RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el tema de la identidad profesional de la enfermería militar contenido en las producciones científicas mundiales. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura de publicaciones comprendidas entre 2010 y 2021 en las bases indexadoras Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Embase y Scopus. Se aplicó la estrategia PICO para establecer la cuestión de investigación "¿Cómo la Enfermería Militar viene siendo retratada en los artículos nacionales e internacionales publicados?" y el gestor de referencias Rayyan QCRI - (Qatar Computing Research Institute) para la selección de las publicaciones, lo que resultó en cuatro artículos sometidos al análisis de contenido, según Bardin. Resultados: la enfermería militar tuvo su identidad profesional retratada por los temas: competencias en enfermería militar, roles de las enfermeras militares y relaciones de género. Conclusión: la identidad profesional de la enfermería militar aún es poco discutida en la literatura, pero se verifica un movimiento para señalar el empoderamiento de estas enfermeras, así como la fuerte subordinación al régimen militar y al profesional médico. Militares del género femenino sufren de manera más contundente, considerando que son minoría, sin posibilidades de ascender en la carrera militar como aquellos del género masculino, y también debido al tipo de organización que forman parte.
ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the professional identity of military nursing comprised of worldwide scientific literature. Method: an integrative literature review of publications from 2010 to 2021 in the Medical Literature and Retrieval System Online, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus indexing databases. The PICo strategy was applied to establish the research question "How has Military Nursing been described in published national and international articles?" and the reference manager Rayyan QCRI - (Qatar Computing Research Institute) for the selection of publications, which resulted in four articles submitted to content analysis, according to Bardin. Results: military nursing had its professional identity described by the themes: skills in military nursing, roles of military nurses, and gender relations. Conclusion: the professional identity of military nursing is still little discussed in the literature, but there is an effort to point out the empowerment of these nurses, as well as the strong subordination to the military rule and the medical professional. Female soldiers are under greater struggle, considering that they are a minority, with no possibilities to upgrade in the military career like those of the male gender, and due to the type of organization to which they belong.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Identification , Nursing , Military Nursing , EmpowermentABSTRACT
@#Objective To analyze the occupational burnout status and its influencing factors of border guards in the prevention （ - ）Methods and control of coronavirus disease COVID 19 . A total of 1 313 border guards who participate in the prevention and control of epidemic diseases were selected as research subjects using the random cluster sampling method. Military Occupational Burnout Scale and Military Occupational Stress Scale were used to investigate the occupational burnout status and Results occupational stress in the research subjects. The median and 25th and 75th percentiles of military occupational （ ， ） （ ， ）， burnout and occupational stress total scores were 9.0 3.0 15.0 and 76.0 70.0 86.0 respectively. About 73.1% of the subjects were suffered from high occupational stress. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the higher the scores of interpersonal relationship, military special life, work pressure, unclear role and leadership ability factor in P occupational stress, and the lower the score of personal development, the more serious the occupational burnout (all <0.05 ) ， after excluding the influence of confounding factors; subjects with panic psychology inconvenience caused by closed ， management fear on accountability for poor prevention and no personal hobbies had more serious occupational burnout than （ P ） Conclusion - ， subjects without those factors all <0.05 . In the period of COVID 19 prevention the level of occupational burnout and occupational stress of border guards were generally low. The occupational burnout was mainly affected by occupational stress and fear of the epidemic.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Aim: Military personnel needs to develop and maintain the ability to perform specific mechanical actions, under the risk of not fulfilling their assignments and failing in their missions. Considering the importance of being able to evaluate whether the military is ready for their jobs, studies have been conducted to establish assessments based on the requirements of the tasks performed in combat, referred to as Combat Tasks (CTs), giving rise to Simulated Tasks (STs). This study aimed to understand how physical STs have been used among military personnel worldwide. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to identify literature published between 2001 and 2021 that investigated STs. The search criteria for articles (keywords, inclusion, and exclusion) were applied to five databases - PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science - and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. Results: The searches resulted in 2630 documents, in addition to two studies that came from other sources. After the removal of duplicates, 1216 studies were screened by title and abstract, resulting in 71 documents, which were read in full. In the end, 17 studies were selected for the qualitative analysis. Conclusion: From the data obtained, the results highlighted that six countries with well-structured Armed Forces have been investing in research to develop physical assessments based on CTs, showing a paradigm break regarding conventional physical tests, which ultimately prove to be adequate to measure general fitness levels and issues related to health, but are not sufficient to ensure readiness for the performance of specific military activities.
ABSTRACT
Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar los elementos cuya ponderación podría conducir a una definición operativa de las compañías militares y de seguridad privadas para el derecho internacional humanitario. La metodología empleada para dar alcance a este objetivo consiste en el análisis de fuentes documentales comprendido en la revisión de la normatividad jurídica internacional, la doctrina y la literatura académica de otras ciencias sociales, lo que favorece un debate interdisciplinar para abordar al fenómeno de las compañías militares y de seguridad privadas con el ánimo de complementar la construcción de esta definición operativa a partir de la mayor cantidad posible de perspectivas.
The purpose of this article is to analyze the elements whose weighting could lead to an operational definition of private military and security companies for international humanitarian law. The methodology used to achieve this objective consists of the analysis of documentary sources including the review of international legal norms, doctrine and academic literature from other social sciences, which favors an interdisciplinary debate to address the phenomenon of private military and security companies with the aim of complementing the construction of this operational definition from as many perspectives as possible.
Este artigo visa analisar os elementos cuja ponderação poderia levar a uma definição operacional de empresas militares e de segurança privadas para o direito humanitário internacional. A metodologia utilizada para atingir este objetivo consiste na análise de fontes documentais, incluindo uma revisão das normas jurídicas internacionais, doutrina e literatura acadêmica de outras ciências sociais, o que favorece um debate interdisciplinar para abordar o fenômeno das empresas privadas militares e de segurança com o objetivo de complementar a construção desta definição operacional a partir do maior número possível de perspectivas.
Subject(s)
Humans , International Humanitarian Law , Military Personnel , International Law , JurisprudenceABSTRACT
Abstract: Objective: to establish the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its relationship with the body mass index, waist-height index and waist circumference in students ofthe highertechnology specialization in military sciences, as well as military personnel who work at the University ofthe Armed Forces of Ecuador - ESPE. Methodology: this was an analytical, non-experimental study with a sample of 495 second-year students of the Superior Technology Specialization in Military Sciences and 196 military personnel who work at ESPE. Results: the study found 8,48 % (n: 42) prevalence of general dyslipidemia in students, differentiated by hypercholesterolemia 1,82 % (n: 9), hypertriglyceridemia 6,26 % (n: 31) and mixed dyslipidemia 0,4% (n: 2). Additionally, it found 58,67 % (n: 115) prevalence of general dyslipidemia in professional military personnel, with hypercholesterolemia 9,18 % (n: 18), hypertriglyceridemia 25,51 % (n: 50) and mixed dyslipidemia 23,98 % (n: 47). Finally, the lower limit to diagnose dyslipidemia for body mass index in students was 25,67 kg/m2, for waist circumference 76,5 cm and for waist height ratio 0,47, and in professional military personnel, body mass index of 26,3 kg/m2, waist circumference of 86 cm and waist height ratio of 0,52. Conclusions: the students and military personnel studied have a significantly low prevalence of dyslipidemia compared to the general student and military personnel population and the values of WC and WHtR were seen to be good predictors of dyslipidemia in military personnel but not in the students.
Resumen: Objetivo: establecer la prevalence de dislipidemia y su relación con el índice de masa corporal, índice cintura-talla y circunferencia de cintura en estudiantes de la especialización tecnológica superior en ciencias militares, así como en personal militar que labora en la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas de Ecuador - ESPE. Metodología: este es un estudio analítico, no experimental, con una muestra de 495 estudiantes de segundo año de la Especialización Tecnológica Superior en Ciencias Militares y 196 militares que laboran en la ESPE. Resultados: el estudio encontró un 8,48 % (n: 42) de prevalencia de dislipidemia general en estudiantes, diferenciada por hipercolesterolemia 1,82 % (n: 9), hipertrigliceridemia 6,26 % (n: 31) y dislipidemia mixta 0,4 % (n: 2). Adicionalmente, encontró una prevalencia de dislipidemia general en personal militar profesional de 58,67% (n: 115), con hipercolesterolemia 9,18% (n: 18), hipertrigliceridemia 25,51 % (n: 50) y dislipidemia mixta 23,98 % (n: 47). Finalmente, el límite inferior para diagnosticar dislipidemia para índice de masa corporal en estudiantes fue de 25,67 kg/m2, para circunferencia de cintura 76,5 cm y para índice de altura de cintura 0,47, y en personal militar profesional, índice de masa corporal de 26,5 cm. 3 kg/m2, circunferencia de cintura de 86 cm e índice de altura de cintura de 0,52. Conclusiones: los estudiantes y militares estudiados tienen una prevalencia de dislipidemia significativamente baja en comparación con la población general de estudiantes y militares y los valores de WC y WHtR se consideraron como buenos predictores de dislipidemia en militares, pero no en estudiantes.
Resumo: Objetivo: estabelecer a prevalência de dislipidemia e sua relagáo com o índice de massa corporal, índice cintura-estatura e circunferência da cintura em estudantes da especialiçado tecnológica superior em ciencias militares, bem como militares que trabalham na Universidade das forças Armadas do Equador - ESPE. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo analítico, ñao experimental, com urna amostra de 495 alunos do segundo ano da Especialiçado Tecnológica Superior em Ciencias Militares e 196 militares que atuam na ESPE. Resultados: o estudo encontrou 8,48 % (n: 42) prevaléncia de dislipidemia geral em estudantes, diferenciada por hipercolesterolemia 1,82 % (n: 9), hipertrigliceridemia 6,26 % (n: 31) e dislipidemia mista 0,4% (n: 2). Além disso, encontrou 58,67% (n: 115) prevaléncia de dislipidemia geral em militares profissionais, com hipercolesterolemia 9,18% (n: 18), hipertrigliceridemia 25,51% (n: 50) e dislipidemia mista 23,98 % (n: 47). Por fim, o limite inferior para diagnóstico de dislipidemia para o índice de massa corporal em escolares foi de 25,67 kg/m2, para circunferência da cintura 76,5 cm e razão cintura-estatura 0,47, e em militares profissionais, índice de massa corporal de 26, 3 kg/m2, circunferência da cintura de 86 cm e relagáo altura da cintura de 0,52. Conclusões: os estudantes e militares estudados apresentam urna prevaléncia de dislipidemia significativamente baixa em comparaçáo com a populaçao geral de estudantes e militares e os valores de CC e RCE foram vistos como bons preditores de dislipidemia em militares, mas não em estudantes.
ABSTRACT
Objetivo: delinear a terapêutica de enfermagem para militares internados em tratamento para transtorno relacionado ao uso de substâncias psicoativas à luz da Teoria das Transições. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado em 2019, com 11 militares internados em uma unidade psiquiátrica, que responderam a uma entrevista aberta utilizando a técnica Narrativa de Vida. Foram tratados com emprego da técnica de análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa foi submetida e aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: Foram identificados três tipos de transição: situacional, organizacional e saúde-doença. Quanto ao padrão, as transições foram sequenciais, simultâneas e relacionadas. Como indicador de processo se destacou a formação de uma rede de apoio incluindo a família e os profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: a terapêutica de enfermagem envolve a conscientização do militar quanto ao processo de transição, sendo importante a participação da família, a preparação para a transição e a suplementação de papéis durante a internação.
Objective: in the light of Transitions Theory, to outline nursing therapy for inpatient military personnel in treatment for disorders due to psychoactive substance use. Method: this qualitative study was conducted in 2019 with 11 military personnel hospitalized in a psychiatric unit, who responded to an open interview using the Narrative of Life technique. The data were treated using the content analysis technique. The study was submitted to, and approved by, the research ethics committee. Results: three types of transition were identified: situational, organizational and health-disease. In pattern, the transitions were sequential, simultaneous, and related. The salient process indicator was the creation of a support network including the family and health professionals. Conclusion: the nursing therapy involved making the serviceman aware of the transition process, in which the family's participation was important, as was preparation for the transition and role supplementation during hospitalization.
Objetivo: definir la terapia de enfermería para militares hospitalizados en tratamiento por trastornos relacionados con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas a la luz de la Teoría de la Transición. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado en 2019, junto a 11 militares hospitalizados en una unidad psiquiátrica, quienes respondieron a una entrevista abierta utilizando la técnica Narrativa de Vida. Fueron tratados mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido. La investigación fue presentada y aprobada por el Comité de Ética. Resultados: Se identificaron tres tipos de transición: situacional, organizacional y salud-enfermedad. En cuanto al patrón, las transiciones fueron secuenciales, simultáneas y relacionadas. Como indicador de proceso, resaltó la conformación de una red de apoyo, incluyendo a la familia y los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: la terapia de enfermería involucra la concientización militar en cuanto al proceso de transición, siendo importante la participación de la familia, la preparación para la transición y la suplementación de roles durante la hospitalización.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Este artigo investiga os níveis de estresse ocupacional e engajamento no trabalho entre policiais militares. Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, com 268 policiais do 3º Batalhão de Polícia Militar do estado do Paraná. Observou-se níveis importantes de estresse ocupacional em 125 (46,7%) policiais. Os principais estressores foram: falta de perspectivas de crescimento na carreira (3,7; ±1,3); deficiência nos treinamentos (3,4; ±1,2); presença de discriminação/favoritismo no ambiente de trabalho (3,1; ±1,4); longas jornadas de trabalho (3,0; ±1,4); forma de distribuição das tarefas (2,7; ±1,1); tipo de controle (2,7; ±1,1); deficiência na divulgação de informações sobre decisões organizacionais (2,7; ±1,2); baixa valorização (2,7;±1,2). Os níveis de engajamento no trabalho variaram de 3,8 [médio] a 4,1 [alto]. A correlação entre estresse ocupacional e engajamento no trabalho foi baixa para as dimensões 'Absorção' (r: -0,284; p<0,001) e 'Escore geral' (r: -0,393; p<0,001) e moderada para as dimensões 'Vigor' (r: -0,422; p<0,001) e 'Dedicação' (r: -0,414; p<0,001). Concluiu-se que há um importante número de policiais com estresse ocupacional que, no entanto, apresentam bons níveis de engajamento no trabalho e mostram-se entusiasmados, inspirados e orgulhosos com o seu trabalho.
Abstract This paper investigates the levels of occupational stress and work engagement among military police officers. This cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted with 268 police officers from the 3rd Military Police Battalion of Paraná state. We observed significant levels of occupational stress in 125 (46.7%) police officers. The main stressors were lack of career growth prospects (3.7; ±1.3); inadequate training (3.4; ±1.2); discrimination/favoritism in the work environment (3.1; ±1.4); long working hours (3.0; ±1.4); distribution of tasks (2.7; ±1.1); control type (2.7; ±1.1); gaps in disclosing information about organizational decisions (2.7; ±1.2); low valuation (2.7; ±1.2). Levels of work engagement ranged from 3.8 [medium] to 4.1 [high]. The correlation between occupational stress and work engagement was low for the dimensions of Absorption (r: -.284; p<0.001) and Overall Score (r: -0.393; p<0.001) and moderate for the dimensions Vigor (r: -0.422; p<0.001) and Dedication (r: -0.414; p<0.001). We concluded that an important number of police officers had shown occupational stress. However, they displayed good levels of work engagement and are enthusiastic, inspired, and proud of their work.
Subject(s)
Humans , Police , Occupational Stress/epidemiology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Work EngagementABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os níveis de Burnout e possíveis fatores predisponentes entre militares do Exército Brasileiro que estavam servindo na Amazônia Brasileira. MÉTODO: a amostra foi composta por 122 militares (oficiais e sargentos) voluntários com idade média de 36,80 ± 6,69 anos, 53 empregados nas missões operacionais (segurança nas fronteiras, patrulha, exercícios de defesa externa e interna) e 69 empregados nas missões administrativas (logística interna). Foram selecionados oficiais (29) e sargentos (93) servindo em Porto Velho, noroeste do Brasil. Eles responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico e ao Maslach Burnout Inventory, validado para o Brasil. RESULTADOS: os resultados mostraram que os níveis de esgotamento nos militares do Exército que servem na região são altos. As principais condições sociodemográficas, trabalhistas, físicas e sociais associadas a níveis significativamente mais altos de esgotamento no presente estudo foram: redução do tempo de serviço, estilo de vida sedentário, trabalho extra, menor hierarquia e morar longe dos familiares. CONCLUSÃO: a interação entre os dois instrumentos constatou que os militares que atuam na área operacional, entre 6 e 10 anos de serviço, solteiros, que exercem pouca atividade física e cujos familiares moram longe foram os que possuíam o maiores níveis de Burnout.
OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to investigate the Burnout levels and possible predisposing factors among Brazilian Army military who were serving in the Brazilian Amazon. METHOD: the sample consisted of 122 volunteer military (officers and sergeants) with a mean age of 36.80 ± 6.69 years, 53 were employed in the operational missions (border security, patrol, external and internal defense exercises) and 69 personnel who were employed in the administrative missions (internal logistics). Officers (29) and sergeants (93) were selected who served in Porto Velho, northwestern Brazil. They answered to a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, validated for Brazil. RESULTS: scores showed that the levels of burnout in Army military who serve in the region are high. The main sociodemographic, labor, physical and social conditions that were associated with significantly higher levels of Burnout in this study were: reduced length of service, sedentary lifestyle, extra work, lower hierarchical rank and living away from relatives. CONCLUSION: the interaction between the two instruments found that the military working in the operational area, warrant officers, sergeants, between 6 and 10 years in service, single, who do little physical activity and whose relatives live far away were the ones who had the highest Burnout levels.
OBJETIVO: este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los niveles de agotamiento y posibles factores predisponentes entre los militares (oficiales y sargentos) del ejército brasileño que estaban sirviendo en la Amazonía brasileña. MÉTODO: la muestra consistió en 122 militares voluntarios con una edad promedio de 36.80 ± 6.69 años, 53 soldados fueron empleados en las misiones operativas (seguridad fronteriza, patrulla, ejercicios de defensa externa e interna) y 69 militares que fueron empleados en las misiones administrativas (logística interna). Se seleccionaron oficiales (29) y sargentos (93) que sirvieron en Porto Velho, en el noroeste de Brasil. Respondieron a un cuestionario sociodemográfico y al Maslach Burnout Inventory, validado para Brasil. RESULTADOS: los puntajes mostraron que los niveles de agotamiento en los militares del Ejército que sirven en la región son altos. Las principales condiciones sociodemográficas, laborales, físicas y sociales que se asociaron con niveles significativamente más altos de agotamiento en el presente estudio fueron: reducción de la duración del servicio, estilo de vida sedentario, trabajo extra, rango jerárquico más bajo y vivir lejos de los familiares. CONCLUSIÓN: la interacción entre los dos instrumentos encontró que los militares que trabajan en el área operativa, los suboficiales, los sargentos, entre 6 y 10 años en servicio, solteros, que realizan poca actividad física y cuyos familiares viven lejos fueron los que tenían el niveles de agotamiento más altos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Social Conditions , Exercise , Incidence , Causality , Amazonian Ecosystem , Burnout, Psychological , Military Personnel , Occupational GroupsABSTRACT
Introducción: La salud ocupacional es una actividad multidisciplinaria que promueve y protege la salud de los trabajadores. El conocimiento de las condiciones de riesgo previene los accidentes y enfermedades ocupacionales. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimientos en salud ocupacional en tenientes del Ejército del Perú. Métodos: Estudio observacional y transversal. Participaron 86 tenientes de una promoción de la Escuela de Infantería. Se realizó el Cuestionario de conocimientos en salud ocupacional. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva para las características generales y para la asociación con los conocimientos, la prueba ji cuadrado. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 28,4 años (DE=1,26; Mín.26, Máx.32), 51,16 por ciento presentaron nivel bajo de conocimientos; trabajadores que no recordaban haber recibido capacitaciones en salud ocupacional y que sufrieron accidente de trabajo tuvieron nivel bajo de conocimientos, 80 por ciento (p = 0,049) y 73,68 por ciento (p = 0,026) respectivamente. La pregunta con mayores aciertos fue sobre el examen de salud ocupacional anual con un 75,58 por ciento, y la de menor conocimiento, sobre la cobertura del seguro complementario de riesgos con un 25,58 por ciento. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento predominante sobre salud ocupacional en tenientes del ejército del Perú, fue bajo, con mayores porcentajes en los que no recuerdan capacitación en salud ocupacional y los que tuvieron algún accidente laboral(AU)
Introduction: Occupational health is a multidisciplinary activity that promotes and protects the health of workers. Knowledge of risk conditions prevents occupational accidents and diseases. Objective: To determine the level of occupational health knowledge in lieutenants of the Peruvian Army. Methods: Observational and cross-sectional study. 86 lieutenants of a promotion of the Infantry School participated. The Occupational Health Knowledge Questionnaire was applied. Descriptive statistics were applied for the general characteristics and the Chi-square test for the association with knowledge. Results: Mean age 28,4 years (SD = 1,26; Min. 26, Max. 32), 51,16 percent presented a poor level of knowledge; workers who did not remember having received training in Occupational Health and who suffered a work accident, 80 percent (p = 0,049) and 73,68 percent (p = 0,026) they had a bad level respectively. The question with the highest correct answers was about the annual occupational health examination with 75,58 percent, and the one with the least knowledge about the complementary risk insurance coverage with 25,58 percent. Conclusions: The predominant level of knowledge about occupational health in lieutenants in the Peruvian army was poor, with higher percentages in those who did not remember training in occupational health and those who had an occupational accident(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Accidents, Occupational , Occupational Health , Insurance Coverage , Mentoring , Occupational Diseases , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction It has been suggested that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with several non-communicable chronic diseases, but measuring it is difficult. Thus, anthropometry could be used because is easily applied in clinical practice. Objectives The present study aimed to develop and validate VAT estimation equations (Eq) in military men. Methods The sample consisted of 409 (mean age, 36.5 ± 6.7 years) military men in the Brazilian Army (BA) divided into an equation group (EG) ( n = 270; mean age, 37.0 ± 6.3 years) and a validation group (VG) ( n =139; mean age, 36.0 ± 7.2 years). Anthropometric, hemodynamic and DXA body composition evaluations ( GE iLunar ) were performed. The Student's t test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise general linear regression were applied. Bland-Altman graphics were used to assess the concordance between VAT by Eq and by DXA. The level of significance was 95% ( p < 0.05). Results Age, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and body mass index presented the main significant positive correlations with the VAT-DXA. Four Eq were created Eq1 ( r 2 = 0.793), Eq2 ( r 2 = 0.810), Eq3 ( r 2 = 0.817), and Eq 4 ( r 2 = 0.823) ( p < 0.05). No differences were observed between VAT by DXA and VAT by Eq ( p = 0.982, p = 0.970, p = 0.495 and p = 0.698). Bland-Altman analysis also presented good concordance as the bias was close to zero and was not statistically significant. Conclusion Eq2 (age*13.0 + WC*60.0 - 4975,.5) was more suitable because it is easier to apply, has a higher predictive power (81.0%), less bias (1.86) and validation yielded average VAT values close to those found in DXA. It may still be considered a valuable tool for other extensive epidemiological studies in military men in the BA and can be used in adult men. Evidence Level I: Development of diagnostic criteria on consecutive patients (with universally applied reference ''gold'' standard).
RESUMO Introdução A literatura científica tem sugerido que o tecido adiposo visceral (TAV) está associado a doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, mas é difícil fazer sua mensuração. Assim, a antropometria pode ser empregada por ser de fácil aplicação na prática clínica. Objetivos Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar equações de estimativa (Eq) do TAV em militares. Métodos A amostra consistiu em 409 (média de idade 36,5 ± 6,7 anos) militares do Exército Brasileiro (EB) divididos em Grupo equação (GE) (n = 270; média de idade 37,0 ± 6,3 anos) e Grupo validação (GV) (n = 139; média de idade 36,0 ± 7,2 anos). Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas, hemodinâmicas e de composição corporal por DXA (GE iLunar). O teste t de Student, a correlação de Pearson e a regressão linear geral Stepwise foram aplicados. Os gráficos de Bland-Altman foram usados para avaliar a concordância entre os resultados de TAV pela Eq e por DXA. O nível de significância adotado foi de 95% (p <0,05). Resultados Idade, circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril e o índice de massa corporal apresentaram as principais correlações positivas e significativas com TAV-DXA. Foram criadas quatro equações: Eq1 (r2 = 0,793), Eq2 (r2 = 0,810), Eq3 (r2 = 0,817) e Eq 4 (r2 = 0,823), p < 0,05. Não foram observadas diferenças entre o TAV por DXA pelas Eq (p = 0,982, p = 0,970, p = 0,495 e p = 0,698). A análise de Bland-Altman também apresentou boa concordância, porque o viés foi próximo de zero e não estatisticamente significativo. Conclusões A Eq2 (idade*13,0 + CC*60,0 - 4975,5) foi mais adequada, porque é mais fácil de aplicar, tem maior poder preditivo (81,0%), menor viés (1,86) e a validação forneceu valores médios de TAV próximos aos encontrados no DXA. Além disso, pode ser considerada uma ferramenta valiosa para outros estudos epidemiológicos extensos em militares do EB e pode ser usada em homens adultos. Nível de Evidência I; Teste de critérios diagnósticos desenvolvidos anteriormente em pacientes consecutivos (com padrão de referência "ouro" aplicado).
RESUMEN Introducción La literatura científica ha sugerido que el tejido adiposo visceral (TAV) está asociado a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, pero es difícil hacer su medición. Así, la antropometría puede ser empleada por ser de fácil aplicación en la práctica clínica. Objetivos Este estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar y validar ecuaciones de estimativa (Ec) del TAV en militares. Métodos La muestra consistió en 409 (promedio de edad 36,5 ± 6,7 años) militares del Ejército Brasileño (EB) divididos en Grupo de ecuación (GE) (n = 270; promedio de edad 37,0 ± 6,3 años) y Grupo validación (GV) (n = 139; promedio de edad 36,0 ± 7,2 años). Fueron realizados análisis antropométricos, hemodinámicos y de composición corporal por DXA (GE iLunar). Fueron aplicados el teste t de Student, la correlación de Pearson y la regresión linear general Stepwise. Los gráficos de Bland-Altman fueron usados para evaluar la concordancia entre los resultados de TAV por la Ec y por DXA. El nivel de significancia fue de 95% (p <0,05). Resultados Edad, circunferencia de cintura (CC), circunferencia de la cadera y el índice de masa corporal presentaron las principales correlaciones positivas y significativas con TAV-DXA. Fueron creadas cuatro ecuaciones: Ec1 (r2 = 0,793), Ec2 (r2 = 0,810), Ec3 (r2 = 0,817) y Ec4 (r2 = 0,823), p <0,05. No fueron observadas diferencias entre el TAV por DXA por las Ec (p = 0,982, p = 0,970, p = 0,495 y p = 0,698). El análisis de Bland-Altman también presentó buena concordancia, porque el sesgo fue próximo de cero y no estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones La Ec2 (edad*13,0 + CC*60,0 - 4975.5) fue más adecuada, porque que es más fácil de aplicar, tiene mayor poder predictivo (81,0%), menor sesgo (1,86) y la validación suministró valores promedio de TAV próximos a los encontrados en el DXA. Además, puede ser considerada una herramienta valiosa para otros estudios epidemiológicos extensos en militares del EB y puede ser usada en hombres adultos. Nivel de Evidencia I: Test de criterios diagnósticos desarrollados anteriormente en pacientes consecutivos (con patrón de referencia "oro" aplicado).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Intra-Abdominal Fat/diagnostic imaging , Military Personnel , Models, Biological , Absorptiometry, Photon , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Waist CircumferenceABSTRACT
Abstract Aims: The present study is a review focused on analyzing the physical, psychological, and demographic factors that lead recruits to be dismissed or to request their dismissal during basic military training periods. Methods: This study is a systematic review of cohort studies. The following databases were searched in June 2019 and updated in July 2020: Embase, LILACS, CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. The MeSH descriptors military personnel, risk factors, and discharge were used to elaborate the search equations. Reference lists were explored to find studies that examined the association between physical, psychological, and demographic factors that lead recruits to be discharged. The following data were extracted from the studies: profile of the participants, sample size, type of risk factors, the duration of follow-up, and the results of the statistical analysis carried out in the studies included. The risk of bias was analyzed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies. Results: A total of 531 titles were retrieved from the databases, and eight articles met the eligibility criteria. The results showed the factors associated with discharge, in descending order: musculoskeletal injuries and other medical questions, depressive and behavioural disorders, performance in physical fitness tests, and others. Factors such as educational level, alcohol use, history of suicide attempt, and imprisonments were not associated with an increased risk of being discharged. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal injuries, depression, running performance, previous physical exercise practice, and demographic factors were associated with an increased risk of being discharged.